Study program:
Minerology and Crystallography (IX semester -MsC)
Petrology and Geochemistry (IX semester -MsC) |
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Name of subject: Testing of Layered Silicates by X-ray Diffraction |
Instructors:
Prof. Sabina Kovač |
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Status: Optional |
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ECTS: 5 |
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Prerequisites: Geometrical crystallography, Crystallochemistry |
Course Objectives:
Determination of layered silicates from the powder diffractogram of non-oriented and oriented polycrystalline samples obtained by different methods. |
Learning Outcomes:
During this course, students will learn to determinate and closely define the type of minerals from the group of layered silicates by using different X-ray powder diffraction data and methods. |
Content:
Theory teaching
Structure, nomenclature and the appearance of phillosilicates. Tetrahedral, octahedral, di-octahedral and three-octahedral layers, bonding and packing of layers. Total, continuous and variable charge layers, exchangeable ions and cation exchange capacity. Individual minerals of clay, types of layers 1:1, 2:1. Interstratifications. Technique of sample preparation for X-ray methods. Chemical pre-treatment, extraction of oxide Fe, organic matter. Cation exchange and capacity. Methods of preparation of the random samples. Preparation of the orientated samples by different procedures. Saturation procedure, thermal treatment of samples. Identification of layered silicates and mineral association. Basic reflection and reflection which hkl is 060. The use of reflections in determining polytypes. Identification of mixed layers of minerals. Semi-quantitative analysis of clay minerals. Practical teaching
Exercises are followed by lecture units. |
Suggested Reading List:
- Đurić, C. B., (2002) Metode istraživanja u kristalografiji, Beograd.
- Moore, D. M., Reynolds, R.C., (1997) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals, Oxford.
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Conduct of the Course:
Lectures, exercises, practical work. |
Fund hours:
| Lectures |
Exercises |
Other forms of teaching |
Study research |
| 2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
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Assessment:
| Final Exam |
ECTS |
| Oral Exam | 30 |
| Classwork Assessment |
ECTS |
| Class Participationа | 10 | | Practical Classes | 20 | | Seminars | 40 |
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Additional Assessment Criteria: - |
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